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How can Machine Learning Beneficial for Engineering Design & Shape Optimization

The advent of the fourth wave of technological revolution, known as Industry-4.0, is transforming traditional design and fabrication techniques. Industry-4.0 has brought digitalization and smartness to the contemporary design paradigm and standard manufacturing processes. Integrating  artificial intelligence , data analytics, generative design and simulation-driven design open innovative and efficient ways for computational design, validation and product manufacture. Therefore, for every engineer to land an outstanding career opportunity, it is essential to keep pace with this industrial revolution, which can be arduous without the fundamental knowledge and experience in these trendy fields. To date, in a typical product, designers and engineers use extensively off-the-shelf parametric modellers and computational tools to design, optimize and validate their designs before going to the fabrication phase. However, these tools are based on passive design exploration techniques, in which d